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    <title>Stewards of the Land</title>
    <category>Stewards of the Land</category>
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    <description>Latest local news from The Durango Herald.</description>
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        <link>https://tj.durangoherald.com/aberts-squirrels-are-friends-to-the-ponderosa-pines/</link>
        <title>Abert’s squirrels are friends to the ponderosa pines</title>
        <description>Abert’s squirrels can be spotted during the winter months.Courtesy Sometimes, winter in the forest can seem like there isn’t much going on – especially if, like me, you might be out there with a group of 60 excited schoolchildren. Wildlife...</description>
        <pubDate>Fri, 25 Jan 2019 20:47:05 -0700</pubDate>
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        <media:thumbnail url="https://imengine.public.prod.dur.navigacloud.com/?uuid=4DE7F736-1AD3-41A3-8E8C-5EC1A3A35506&#038;function=thumbnail&#038;type=preview&#038;source=false&#038;width=600&#038;height=400" />
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Abert’s squirrels can be spotted during the winter months.Courtesy Sometimes, winter in the forest can seem like there isn’t much going on – especially if, like me, you might be out there with a group of 60 excited schoolchildren. Wildlife often make themselves scarce when that school bus pulls up. However, even if I don’t see them, I always know that an animal I love to teach and learn more about, the Abert’s squirrel, is around from the evidence they leave behind. Curious? Read on to find out more. If you’re lucky enough see an Abert’s squirrel, you’ll recognize it most likely from its signature ear tufts, or tassels. These can be longer in the winter, and may almost seem to disappear in the summer. These squirrels typically have a gray back with reddish color on the sides, with a white belly. They weigh about 2 pounds and their head and body are about 12 inches long, and the tail is about 9 inches long. They mate in the spring and have a litter of two to five pups about 40 days later. Abert’s squirrels are found in Colorado, Southeast Utah, and south into New Mexico, Arizona and even Mexico. There are nine subspecies of Abert’s squirrels that are associated with different areas, but one commonality among almost all the geographic areas (Mexico excepted) is the presence of ponderosa pine trees. Abert’s squirrels have a mutualistic, symbiotic relationship with these trees, which provide them with just about everything they need in terms of food and shelter. They eat seeds from the pine cones, inner bark, buds and pollen cones. They will pluck a mature pine cone from a tree, remove the scales, then eat the protein-packed seeds. They also eat pine needles and the “inner bark,” or phloem, of twigs from the trees. One of my favorite “nature finds” in the winter are the ends of ponderosa pine twigs on the ground. Abert’s squirrels gnaw off the ends of the branches, letting the pine needle ends fall to the ground. They retain the remainder of the branch, removing the outer bark and eating the inner bark. The dropped twigs can coincidentally provide food for mule deer. In the summer, the squirrels will collect mushrooms, and hang them all over trees to dry. These become winter meals for the squirrels. For shelter, the squirrels build nests out of small branches of the ponderosa pine that they can weave into a safe place to raise young. They also often use mistletoe found in the trees as a great place to build a nest. Some researchers have found that Abert’s squirrels return to the same ponderosa pine trees year after year. It appears that trees the squirrels prefer have more sugary sap, as well as more carbohydrates, nitrogen and sodium, and less iron, and mercury. Other researchers have found that the preferred trees may simply have bark that is easier to remove. Interestingly, the squirrels actually help the ponderosa pine trees, in addition to using them. Ponderosa pine trees have a mutualistic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi, found in the soil. The fungi extend the reach of the tree’s roots, helping it get to more water, phosphate, nitrogen and other nutrients, while the tree provides the fungi with carbohydrates. From late spring to early fall, the squirrels eat the “fruiting body” of the ectomycorrhizal fungi – the part that shows up above ground for part of the year. This mushroom has spores throughout it, which the fungi use to reproduce. When eaten, the spores survive through the digestive tract of the squirrel, coming out in its scat, and get spread throughout the ponderosa pine forest, especially those trees where the squirrels like to hang out. This is an amazing trifecta of a mutualistic relationship – among the Abert’s squirrels, ponderosa pine trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Of course, the squirrels are a continuing part of the food chain. Goshawks, a type of forest raptor, are the main predator of Abert’s squirrels. Other predators may include bobcats, mountain lions and coyotes. This winter when you are out exploring our beautiful ponderosa forests, take a quiet moment to look around – chances are, you’ll find evidence of some of our tree-dwelling, and tree-helping, friends around. Gabi Morey is the education outreach director for San Juan Mountains Association.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://tj.durangoherald.com/sjma-volunteers-work-hand-in-hand-to-improve-land/</link>
        <title>SJMA volunteers work hand-in-hand to improve land</title>
        <description>Southwest Colorado is stunning. We are surrounded by some of America’s most spectacular public lands and watersheds: from the majestic peaks of the San Juan Mountains to the gold medal trout fisheries of the Animas River, and the archaeological treasures...</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 03 Apr 2018 23:46:51 -0600</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Southwest Colorado is stunning. We are surrounded by some of America’s most spectacular public lands and watersheds: from the majestic peaks of the San Juan Mountains to the gold medal trout fisheries of the Animas River, and the archaeological treasures of Canyons of the Ancients National Monument. Unfortunately, our public lands are increasingly at risk. The climate is changing. Persistent drought and beetle infestations threaten local forests. More and more visitors are heading to the backcountry, straining natural resources at a time when federal land management agencies face constant budget cuts. Meanwhile, politicians in Washington, D.C., are questioning the very idea of public lands. In the face of these threats, what can you do to advance the conservation of Southwest Colorado’s irreplaceable public lands? Volunteer for the San Juan Mountains Association. In this age of turmoil, SJMA is doubling down on our commitment to local public lands. We believe that by working together, local residents of all political persuasions can help steward our forests, public lands and watersheds. Each year, SJMA volunteers work thousands of hours to directly improve the public lands that we all love by documenting archaeological sites, performing trail maintenance, providing visitor information, leading educational hikes and conducting wilderness stewardship outreach in the backcountry. In the face of seemingly endless federal budget cuts, these volunteers provide crucial services to the public and our public lands. As the nonprofit partner of the San Juan National Forest and the Bureau of Land Management, Tres Rios Field Office, SJMA matches interested volunteers with high-impact conservation projects. This year, SJMA volunteers will help monitor wilderness throughout the San Juan National Forest, educate trail users in the increasingly popular Ice Lakes Basin and assist the Forest Service on work projects to commemorate Colorado Public Lands Day on May 19. We welcome volunteers of all types to join us as we explore, learn and conserve the spectacular public lands of Southwest Colorado. Let’s work hand-in-hand to improve the land. For more information, visit www.sjma.org. Brent Schoradt is executive director of the San Juan Mountains Association. SJMA is a nonprofit organization dedicated to public lands stewardship and conservation education in Southwest Colorado.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://tj.durangoherald.com/nows-a-good-time-to-know-about-and-watch-out-for-ice/</link>
        <title>Now’s a good time to know about – and watch out for – ice</title>
        <description>As we have experienced in our area recently, ice is a reality in winter. Watching out for ice on the roads and sidewalks practically becomes second nature this time of year, not to mention falling icicles from rooftops! Let’s explore...</description>
        <pubDate>Sun, 31 Jan 2016 23:12:41 -0700</pubDate>
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        <content:encoded><![CDATA[As we have experienced in our area recently, ice is a reality in winter. Watching out for ice on the roads and sidewalks practically becomes second nature this time of year, not to mention falling icicles from rooftops! Let’s explore ice properties a bit more – ready for an easy chemistry lesson? Ice is solid water. In fact, there are 14 known solid phases. Commonly used, the term “ice” refers to the most abundant phase, ice Ih. It is a crystalline solid that you can see through or may be blue-white depending on what is in the air. The addition of materials changes the appearance of ice (particles, sand, dirt, salt, etc.). Ice is formed when liquid water is cooled below 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 0 degrees Celsius. When solid, ice is a mineral of hydrogen oxide. Ice is unusual in that it is the only nonmetallic substance that expands when it freezes. The solid state of ice is 8 percent less dense than liquid water, which is why ice floats. This is an important factor in Earth’s climate – if ice sank, the entire body of water would freeze, killing practically everything in it. The water molecules in ice are packed close together, preventing it from changing shape. Ice has a very regular pattern with the molecules connected by the hydrogen bonds that form a hexagonal pattern. These crystals have a number of open regions and pockets, making ice less dense than liquid water. Because ice has a lower density than water, pressure decreases its melting state and can force ice back into liquid water. In the past, it was believed that slippery ice is caused by a thin layer of melted water on the ice, due to pressure. Many scientists now believe that the ice molecules that are in contact with the air cannot bond with the molecules of ice beneath – the transition molecules are in a somewhat-liquid state and act as a lubricant. This is not always the case – the extreme South Pole conditions do not make ice and snow slippery. Ice, snow, hail, frost and polar ice caps are examples of water in its solid state. Liquid water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius. The ice can then either stay frozen, melt as temperatures climb or sublimate, turning directly into a vapor. Sublimation occurs naturally with strong sunlight, winds, low relative humidity and low air pressure. It also occurs in frost-free freezers with a fan and air circulation, which keeps a low relative humidity. However, ice cubes also sublimate in this environment, so they may need to be replaced regularly. Some interesting ice facts: 68.7 percent of the fresh water on Earth is stored in ice caps, glaciers and permanent snow. Glacial ice covers 10 to 11 percent of all land. 99 percent of the ice in the world is found in Antarctica and Greenland. Ice can create erosion by water seeping into rocks and cracking them open when it freezes and expands. “Black” ice can form on lakes as well as roads and occurs when the ice forms six-sided, vertically organized columns with few air bubbles. The ice is transparent, and when on roads looks simply wet, instead of the slippery stuff it is. Now that you’ve had your chemistry lesson, go out and enjoy your winter, walk carefully and watch out for that black ice! Gabi Morey is the Education Outreach director for the San Juan Mountains Association.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://tj.durangoherald.com/looking-for-something-new-try-mud-springs/</link>
        <title>Looking for something new? Try Mud Springs</title>
        <description>Mud Springs, close to Cortez, can be a great alternative to Sand Canyon.Courtesy of Kathe Hayes The Bureau of Land Management Special Recreation Management Areas offer a unique combination of terrain scenery and climate that allows for nearly year-round recreation...</description>
        <pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2015 18:29:18 -0600</pubDate>
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        <media:thumbnail url="https://imengine.public.prod.dur.navigacloud.com/?uuid=C7D62D89-1793-4C2D-9EF4-F7267B6B773A&#038;function=thumbnail&#038;type=preview&#038;source=false&#038;width=600&#038;height=400" />
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Mud Springs, close to Cortez, can be a great alternative to Sand Canyon.Courtesy of Kathe Hayes The Bureau of Land Management Special Recreation Management Areas offer a unique combination of terrain scenery and climate that allows for nearly year-round recreation close to town and are surrounded by panoramic backdrops. They are relatively small blocks of public land that are conducive to nonmotorized trail use with opportunities for short motorized trails and clearly defined open play/training areas. There are several in the Cortez area, but I want to introduce you to Mud Springs, south of Cortez off Road G. Mud Springs can be a great alternative to the ever-popular Sand Canyon and is only 4 miles down Road G, as opposed to the 11 mile drive to Sand Canyon. If you have been to Sand Canyon lately, you realize that its popularity has outgrown the parking lot. Mud Springs offers many of the same amenities: hiking, biking and horseback riding and parking. In addition, there is some area for motorized use. The high-desert terrain consists of piñon/juniper forest, sage plains, rock formations, and in the spring, plenty of native plants and flowers in bloom. If you are on the nonmotorized portion of the trail, you will only intersect briefly with a motorized area to continue to the nonmotorized area. It is a place where you can develop your hiking or biking skills and choose different levels of physical challenge that meet your needs. The nonmotorized trail wraps itself around on a small mesa that has exceptional views of Ute Mountain, Mesa Verde and the La Plata Mountains. Dogs are welcome, either leashed or under voice control. In the Mud Springs’ natural environment, motorized users can find areas for off-highway vehicle trail riding with an open-travel designation of 23 acres for rock crawling. Motorized users are limited to specific areas within Mud Springs, and standard four-wheel-drive pickups are prohibited. Shooting is also prohibited, so visitors can feel safe while recreating in the area. Volunteer groups have been instrumental in helping the BLM create the trails and travel ways at Mud Springs. Mesa Verde Back Country Horsemen, Conservation Legacy, San Juan Mountains Association, Southwest Colorado Cycling Association and students from the University of Missouri have contributed many hours installing signage, building trail cairns, picking up trash and repairing fences. There are still many opportunities to volunteer. There is ample parking, a sign board with a map and wel-marked trails. Maps are available at the public-lands offices in Dolores. On National Trails Day, San Juan Mountains Association, in partnership with the BLM, will host a morning of hiking and horseback riding at Mud Springs. Visitors will have the opportunity to learn more about what Mud Springs has to offer. Specialists and naturalists will be on hand to lead hikes and answer questions. If you are interested in participating in a National Trails Day Event at Mud Springs, just show up at the trailhead at 9 a.m. June 6. Maps will be available. Children older than 5 are welcome and must be accompanied by an adult. Well-behaved dogs are welcome, too, but must be leashed. There are no bathroom facilities. Directions: Travel west on U.S. Highway 160 from Cortez. Turn south on U.S. Highway 491. At the second stoplight, Road G, turn right or west. Travel about 2 miles on Road G to Road 21. Turn left or south. A parking lot for Mud Springs is about 1 mile down on the right. Kathe Hayes is volunteer program director with San Juan Mountains Association.]]></content:encoded>
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        <link>https://tj.durangoherald.com/christmas-trees-have-uses-after-holidays-2/</link>
        <title>Christmas trees have uses after holidays</title>
        <description>Christmas trees don&apos;t have to go in the trash. They have many uses. For example, they can be tied to cinder blocks and sunk to the bottom of a lake to create a habitat for fish.Courtesy of Gabi Morey ‘Twas...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 28 Jan 2015 21:13:04 -0700</pubDate>
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        <media:thumbnail url="https://imengine.public.prod.dur.navigacloud.com/?uuid=FEBBFA44-EDF3-43E6-93D6-0A38A74D04A8&#038;function=thumbnail&#038;type=preview&#038;source=false&#038;width=600&#038;height=400" />
        <content:encoded><![CDATA[Christmas trees don't have to go in the trash. They have many uses. For example, they can be tied to cinder blocks and sunk to the bottom of a lake to create a habitat for fish.Courtesy of Gabi Morey 'Twas the day after Christmas, and all through the tree lot, many creatures were stirring and wondering, "What?" What to do with these trees that now have no home? Could we find them a place now that Santa had roamed? But who wants Christmas trees after Christmas, we thought? Lucky for them, they weren't just going to rot. And, that's about it for my channeling of Clement Clarke Moore (or Dr. Seuss)! But this truly was a conundrum for San Juan Mountains Association's incredibly dedicated Christmas-tree lot committee. We sold Christmas trees as a fundraiser for our organization this year and ended up with some left over. We knew the chipper was one option. Christmas trees all over the country are brought to designated locations where they are chipped, made into mulch and, oftentimes, offered to local residents. Other "natural recycling" of Christmas trees can happen by finding hungry goats. Christmas trees are high in vitamin C and can even help to de-worm the goats. But what other options are out there? One committee member got in touch with Colorado Parks and Wildlife, and a beautiful partnership was born. Jim White, aquatic biologist with Colorado Parks and Wildlife, was excited to collect our leftover trees for fish habitat in local lakes and reservoirs. Christmas trees are attached to cinder blocks, allowing them to sink to the bottom of the lake. The branches and needles provide cover and protection for the small fry of predatory fish in the lake such as walleye, as well as a place for smaller fish such as bluegill, smallmouth bass and perch to hide. Once the needles are gone, bare branches can still provide decent protection for the fish. It can take about 10 years for the small branches to deteriorate, so these trees will be helping many generations of fish. In our area, the local reservoir in most need of fish habitat is Narraguinnep Reservoir on Highway 184 near Dolores in Montezuma County. If the ice on Narraguinnep becomes thick enough to drive on, the easiest way to put the trees there is to set them on the ice with their weights in the winter and allow them to naturally sink to the bottom of the lake once the ice melts. However, if our current warm winter continues, the trees will most likely need to be brought to the lake in the spring by boat. White will be recruiting volunteers to help with this project when conditions are right. SJMA's mission of promoting responsible care of natural resources was well-met with this partnership with Colorado Parks and Wildlife. We hope the fish (and fishermen/women) get lots of good use out of our trees! Finally, thanks to everyone who supported SJMA's second annual Trees for Conservation fundraiser - keep us in mind for next year, too! Gabi Morey is education outreach director with San Juan Mountains Association, a nonprofit dedicated to public land stewardship and education.]]></content:encoded>
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